Incentivos e impedimentos na conservação de Euterpe edulis Mart. Em comunidades quilombolas do Vale do Ribeira.

Este trabalho analisa o resultado de um processo de enriquecimento de palmeira juçara em Comunidades Quilombolas no Vale do Ribeira – SP, bem como as dificuldades e gargalos para implantação efetiva do manejo sustentável. O trabalho foi construído a partir de levantamento em campo das populações da palmeira e também na realização de oficinas e observação participante. Os resultados apontam necessidades de incentivos e melhoria nas políticas públicas e também na gestão coletiva do recurso

Floristic compositon of Reserva Municipal de Santa Genebra, Campinas, SP, Brazil

O inventário florístico de um fragmento de floresta semidecídua foi conduzido durante o período de maio de 1996 a abril de 1998 em um hectare de floresta localizado na região central da Reserva de Santa Genebra (22º49'45 S e 47º06'33 W) a 580-610 m de altitude. Foram identificadas 201 espécies, distribuídas em 57 famílias e 147 gêneros. Fabaceae e Rubiaceae (18 espécies), Myrtaceae (14 spp.), Rutaceae (11 spp.), Solanaceae e Sapindaceae (nove spp.), Bignoniaceae, Meliaceae e Euphorbiaceae (oito spp.), Malvaceae (sete spp.) foram as famílias mais ricas. Cerca de 70% das espécies foram classificadas como secundárias tardias e secundárias tardias de sub-bosque. A comparação de espécies arbóreas com 25 fragmentos do Estado de São Paulo e Norte do Paraná mostraram que a flora da reserva é mais similar às florestas da região de Campinas. Embora a floresta apresente áreas perturbadas, existem manchas de vegetação relativamente maduras sendo esta área essencial para a conservação da biodiversidade.We carried out a floristic survey of a fragment of a semideciduous forest from May 1996 to April 1998, within one-hectare in the central area of Santa Genebra Reserve (22º49'45 S and 47º06'33 W, 580-610 m a.s.l). We found 201 species in 57 families and 147 genera. The richest families were Fabaceae and Rubiaceae (18 species), Myrtaceae (14 species), Rutaceae (11 species), Solanaceae and Sapindaceae (nine species), Bignoniaceae, Meliaceae and Euphorbiaceae (eight species) and Malvaceae (seven species). About 70% of the species are late secondary trees and late secondary understory species. Tree species comparison with 25 forests from São Paulo State and northern Paraná State showed that the reserve flora is more similar to forests from Campinas region. Although the forest has disturbed areas there are patch of relatively mature vegetation, thus this area is essential for biodiversity conservation

Floristic compositon of "Reserva Municipal de Santa Genebra", Campinas, SP, Brazil

O inventário florístico de um fragmento de floresta semidecídua foi conduzido durante o período de maio de 1996 a abril de 1998 em um hectare de floresta localizado na região central da Reserva de Santa Genebra (22º49'45" S e 47º06'33" W) a 580-610 m de altitude. Foram identificadas 201 espécies, distribuídas em 57 famílias e 147 gêneros. Fabaceae e Rubiaceae (18 espécies), Myrtaceae (14 spp.), Rutaceae (11 spp.), Solanaceae e Sapindaceae (nove spp.), Bignoniaceae, Meliaceae e Euphorbiaceae (oito spp.), Malvaceae (sete spp.) foram as famílias mais ricas. Cerca de 70% das espécies foram classificadas como secundárias tardias e secundárias tardias de sub-bosque. A comparação de espécies arbóreas com 25 fragmentos do Estado de São Paulo e Norte do Paraná mostraram que a flora da reserva é mais similar às florestas da região de Campinas. Embora a floresta apresente áreas perturbadas, existem manchas de vegetação relativamente maduras sendo esta área essencial para a conservação da biodiversidade312323337sem informaçãoWe carried out a floristic survey of a fragment of a semideciduous forest from May 1996 to April 1998, within one-hectare in the central area of Santa Genebra Reserve (22º49'45" S and 47º06'33" W, 580-610 m a.s.l). We found 201 species in 57 families and 147 genera. The richest families were Fabaceae and Rubiaceae (18 species), Myrtaceae (14 species), Rutaceae (11 species), Solanaceae and Sapindaceae (nine species), Bignoniaceae, Meliaceae and Euphorbiaceae (eight species) and Malvaceae (seven species). About 70% of the species are late secondary trees and late secondary understory species. Tree species comparison with 25 forests from São Paulo State and northern Paraná State showed that the reserve flora is more similar to forests from Campinas region. Although the forest has disturbed areas there are patch of relatively mature vegetation, thus this area is essential for biodiversity conservationsem informaçã

Regeneration dynamics in the laurel forest: changes in species richness and composition

The recovery and survival of the Macaronesian laurel forest depends on its regeneration strategies. After years of long-term monitoring, both sexual and asexual regeneration appear to be equally important. However, the mechanisms for each are just beginning to be understood. In order to contribute to the understanding of the laurel forest sexual regeneration, we analyzed the species composition of the seedling bank every two weeks over three years in the laurel forest of Anaga (Tenerife, Canary Islands). We compared the species compositions of the seedling bank with the canopy, and analyzed changes in their diversity over this period in different forest stands. We found that species diversity (evenness) is different among plots regardless of the stand. In some cases, plot diversity remained constant over time, while others showed some variations, which were little related to climatic conditions (temperature and precipitation). We also found no relationship between the seedling bank and canopy composition, with shade-intolerant species being more abundant in the former. Although climatic conditions remained constant during the period and other environmental conditions did not vary either, some changes were found in the seedling bank species composition. These were related to the increased degree of conservation of the laurel forest of Anaga (by closing unpaved roads, limiting access, and the abandonment of agriculture) that had negatively affected the density of shade-intolerant species. We suggest that such conservation measures should be maintained and extended to other areas where agriculture has been recently abandoned to allow the potential establishment of laurel forest and late successional specie

Nitrogênio e o potássio na adubação de manutenção de cultivares de Megathyrsus maximus

O potássio e o nitrogênio são os nutrientes mais demandados na manutenção da pastagem e, por isso, objetivou-se identificar uma combinação de nitrogênio e potássio que maximize o desenvolvimento de cultivares de Megathyrsus maximus (sin. Panicum maximum). Foram realizados quatro experimentos em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis. Os experimentos foram realizados com os cultivares Mombaça (Experimento 1 e 2) e Zuri (Experimento 3 e 4). Para cada capim testado, realizou-se dois experimentos simultaneamente e cada experimento consistiu em duas doses de nitrogênio: 140 e 280 mg dm-3 associadas a doses de potássio. Em todos os experimentos, os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses de potássio (0, 70, 140, 210 e 280 mg dm-3). As parcelas experimentais foram vasos de 5 dm3 e as avaliações foram realizadas quando os capins atingiram altura de 60 cm. O potássio não influenciou o número de folhas por perfilho e filocrono dos capins Mombaça e Zuri e a densidade populacional de perfilhos do capim-mombaça. Para o capim-zuri, independente da dose de nitrogênio, houve aumento da densidade populacional de perfilhos até a dose de potásiso de 70 mg dm-3. Na dose de nitrogênio de 140 mg dm-3 evidenciou-se que houve incremento na massa de forragem do capim-mombaça e zuri até as doses de potássio de 70 mg dm-3, respectivamente. Quanto a dose de nitrogênio de 280 mg dm-3, a maior massa de forragem do capim-mombaça e zuri foi observada na dose de potássio de 140 e 210 mg dm-3, respectivamente. A massa seca de cada lâmina foliar, independente do capim e da dose de nitrogênio aumentou até a dose de 70 mg dm-3. Para a adubação de cultivares de Megathyrsus maximus, a combinação de nitrogênio:potássio é aproximadamente de 1,3 a 2:1

The ITA Space Center and Its Role in Space Education in Brazil

This paper presents the ITA Space Center and its mission in the formation of human resources and in the research and development of space products. In 2012 the first aerospace engineers were graduated at ITA, and since then many efforts have been done to improve the engineering education. The first effort was the development of AESP-14 CubeSat project, then the development and launch of ITASAT, a 6U CubeSat. These two projects showed that small satellites projects provide a good learning approach once students were deeply involved in the development process. These two projects opened the opportunity for the creation of the ITA Space Center (CEI -acronym for Centro Espacial ITA in Portuguese). Inside its facilities the ITA Space Center provides capabilities for the development of small space projects such as electronics, software engineering, mechanical design, and simulation with the aid of systems engineering and project management. By means of the graduate and undergraduate programs the ITA Space Center is providing education and integration with the industries and other partner organizations. In developing and delivering space products, and fostering higher education in space, the ITA Space Center is accomplishing of its proposed mission

MAMMALS IN PORTUGAL : A data set of terrestrial, volant, and marine mammal occurrences in P ortugal

Mammals are threatened worldwide, with 26% of all species being includedin the IUCN threatened categories. This overall pattern is primarily associatedwith habitat loss or degradation, and human persecution for terrestrial mam-mals, and pollution, open net fishing, climate change, and prey depletion formarine mammals. Mammals play a key role in maintaining ecosystems func-tionality and resilience, and therefore information on their distribution is cru-cial to delineate and support conservation actions. MAMMALS INPORTUGAL is a publicly available data set compiling unpublishedgeoreferenced occurrence records of 92 terrestrial, volant, and marine mam-mals in mainland Portugal and archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira thatincludes 105,026 data entries between 1873 and 2021 (72% of the data occur-ring in 2000 and 2021). The methods used to collect the data were: live obser-vations/captures (43%), sign surveys (35%), camera trapping (16%),bioacoustics surveys (4%) and radiotracking, and inquiries that represent lessthan 1% of the records. The data set includes 13 types of records: (1) burrowsjsoil moundsjtunnel, (2) capture, (3) colony, (4) dead animaljhairjskullsjjaws, (5) genetic confirmation, (6) inquiries, (7) observation of live animal (8),observation in shelters, (9) photo trappingjvideo, (10) predators dietjpelletsjpine cones/nuts, (11) scatjtrackjditch, (12) telemetry and (13) vocalizationjecholocation. The spatial uncertainty of most records ranges between 0 and100 m (76%). Rodentia (n=31,573) has the highest number of records followedby Chiroptera (n=18,857), Carnivora (n=18,594), Lagomorpha (n=17,496),Cetartiodactyla (n=11,568) and Eulipotyphla (n=7008). The data setincludes records of species classified by the IUCN as threatened(e.g.,Oryctolagus cuniculus[n=12,159],Monachus monachus[n=1,512],andLynx pardinus[n=197]). We believe that this data set may stimulate thepublication of other European countries data sets that would certainly contrib-ute to ecology and conservation-related research, and therefore assisting onthe development of more accurate and tailored conservation managementstrategies for each species. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite thisdata paper when the data are used in publications.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio